Dietary recommendations for patients with hyperlipemias (Cholesterol and/or Triglycerides)

In today’s societies, cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of death, along with smoking, tumours and traffic accidents.

The triggers are high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, sedentary life and excessive body weight, sometimes linked to genetic factors such as endogenous hypercholesterolemia or environmental factors such as pollution, poor diet or smoking.

Those modifiable factors are the environmental ones, being the diet and the physical activity, basic pillars in its prevention.

Distribution of nutrients in cardiovascular disease or hyperlipemias

Source Spanish and international Society of Arteriosclerosis and American Heart Association The recommended foods that should be most present in the diet of a person with dyslipemias or deregulation of plasma lipid levels are outlined below. Remember that what you are reading is for general information only and does not imply a specific treatment. Each person has different requirements. Consult with our specialist before carrying out any diet.

Food distribution in arteriosclerosis and hyperlipemias

Source Spanish and International Society of Arteriosclerosis and American Heart Association. *Eat moderately and in adequate amounts – Control the amount of SALT as well as very salty foods.

Nutrients	Percentages
Carbohydrates	40-50%
Protein	12-16%
Total fat:	30-35%
Saturated	< 10%
Monounsaturated	15-20%
Polyunsaturated	< 7%
Cholesterol	< 300 mg/day

 

Food	Recommended (every day)	2-3 times/week	Disadvised
Cereals	Bread, rice, pasta, flour, cereals (preferably wholemeal), wholemeal crackers	Italian pasta with egg*	Viennese pastries (croissants, ensaimadas, muffins) hooks, biscuits
Fruits, vegetables and legumes	All (pulses* specially recommended)	Avocado*, olives*, chips in a suitable oil*.	Chips chips, chips or vegetables fried in fat or oils not recommended, coconut
Eggs, milk and dairy products	Skimmed milk and yoghurt, commercial products made from skimmed milk, egg white	Low-fat or fresh cheese, semi-skimmed milk and yogurt, whole egg	Whole milk, cream, creams and puddings, hard or very fatty cheese
Fish and seafood	White fish, oily fish*, tuna in olive oil	Salted cod, canned sardines, squid, prawns, prawns, crabs	Fish eggs, fish fried in oils or fats not recommended
Meat and poultry	Chicken and turkey without skin, rabbit	Cow, beef, veal, lamb, pork and ham (lean parts), veal chicken sausages, venison, game	Sausages in general, bacon, commercial hamburgers, sausages, viscera, duck, goose, pâtés
Oils and fats*	Olive oil	Vegetable Margarines	Butter, lard, bacon, tallow, palm oil and coconut
Desserts	Jam*, honey, sugar*, homemade pastries made with skimmed milk, sorbets, fruits in syrup*.	Egg-free custard, homemade sweets made with adequate fat*.	Chocolates and cakes, desserts containing whole milk, egg, cream or butter, commercial cakes
Dried fruit*	Almonds, hazelnuts, chestnuts, walnuts, dates (Not fried)	Peanuts (Not fried)	Salted peanuts, coconut
Spices and sauces	Sofritos, pepper, mustard, herbs, vinaigrette, vegetable broths	Low-fat salad dressings, mayonnaise, bechamel made with skimmed milk	Sauces made with butter, margarine, whole milk, and animal fats
Beverages	Mineral water, juices, infusions, coffee, tea (three/day), wine*, beer* (two/day)	Sugared soft drinks	Chocolate drinks, Irish coffee. Alcohols (Vodka; Whisky; Rum…)